Federal informants are individuals who collaborate with law enforcement agencies, particularly in federal criminal investigations. Their role is vital in uncovering and prosecuting complex crimes such as organized crime, drug trafficking, and white-collar offenses. These informants, often involved in the criminal activity themselves, provide inside information to assist the government.

Key aspects related to federal informants include:

5K1.1 Motion: 

This is a section in the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines that allows the government to request a reduced sentence for a defendant. This motion is applicable when a defendant offers “substantial assistance” in the investigation or prosecution of other individuals involved in criminal activities. Such assistance can range from sharing critical information to testifying against co-conspirators. The motivation behind a defendant’s decision to become an informant under 5K1.1 can vary, often involving a desire for a lighter sentence or reduced charges.

Rule 35 Motion:

Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure permits the court to reduce a defendant’s sentence post-sentencing if they provide significant help in investigating or prosecuting other criminals. Unlike the 5K1.1 motion, Rule 35 is typically invoked after sentencing, and the assistance provided must occur post-sentencing as well. Informants in this context may be motivated by a desire to further reduce their sentence or improve their incarceration conditions.

In both scenarios, informants may reveal information about conspiracies or criminal networks, often implicating their co-defendants. Their motivations for cooperating with federal authorities can include self-preservation, leniency in sentencing, personal grudges against co-conspirators, or a change of heart about their criminal activities. However, the decision to grant a reduced sentence is ultimately in the hands of the court, guided by the prosecution’s recommendation. This decision takes into account the quality of the assistance provided, the seriousness of the original crime, and the informant’s criminal history.